Jan 08, 2014

The Legal Information Institute of Cornell School of Law does not seem to think so.

http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/18115

42 USC § 18115 - Freedom not to participate in Federal health insurance programs

No individual, company, business, nonprofit entity, or health insurance issuer offering group or individual health insurance coverage shall be required to participate in any Federal health insurance program created under this Act (or any amendments made by this Act), or in any Federal health insurance program expanded by this Act (or any such amendments), and there shall be no penalty or fine imposed upon any such issuer for choosing not to participate in such programs.